Dens: Gray foxes establish dens in underground burrows, hollow logs, caves, or boulder crevices, lining them with grass, leaves, and soft materials.
Raising the Young: After a gestation of about 53 days, the female gives birth to 3–5 cubs, sometimes up to 7. Newborns are blind, deaf, and weigh about 4 ounces. The mother stays in the den to nurse and keep them warm. Cubs begin exploring at 3 weeks, walk by 6 weeks, eat solid food at 4 weeks, and are weaned around 8 weeks. They stay with their mother for about a year, learning to hunt and survive.
Pack Life: Gray foxes live in small packs of a breeding pair and offspring, sometimes including relatives. Packs average 5–6 individuals but may have up to 12. They are territorial and use scent marking to defend their range.