* Leopard seals: Primary predators of penguins, weighing up to 1,000 pounds with powerful jaws.
* Killer whales: Apex predators that hunt in pods and can easily catch penguins.
* Fur seals: Smaller than leopard seals but still powerful predators weighing up to 600 pounds.
* Sharks: Species like the great white shark prey on penguins in the water.
* Giant petrels: Large scavenging birds that feed on dead or dying penguins.