Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
The primary cause of the corncrake's decline is habitat loss and fragmentation. Corncrakes prefer dense meadows with tall vegetation and high humidity, but these habitats are disappearing due to agricultural intensification and urbanization.
Pesticides and Herbicides
Pesticides can directly kill corncrakes or damage their reproductive organs. Herbicides reduce the vegetation available for nesting and feeding.
Predators
Predators such as foxes, stoats, and cats prey on corncrakes. Chicks are especially vulnerable because they cannot fly during their first weeks of life.
Climate Change
Warmer, drier climates make the corncrake's preferred habitat less common. Climate change also alters migratory patterns, disrupting breeding cycles.