Legal Protections for Jaguars
A combination of international agreements, national legislation, and conservation strategies works to protect jaguars and their habitats across their range.
CITES
Jaguars are listed under CITES Appendix I, which prohibits international trade in jaguar specimens and products without special permits.
Endangered Species Act (United States)
The ESA lists jaguars as endangered, providing protection within the U.S. and its territorial waters.
National Laws in Range Countries
Countries where jaguars live—including Belize, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and others—have domestic laws that protect the species.
Jaguar Conservation Strategy and Action Plan
Developed by the IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group with range countries, this framework supports cooperative conservation and legal protection.
Hunting Restrictions and Habitat Protection
Most range countries prohibit jaguar hunting or require special permits. Protected areas such as national parks and wildlife refuges safeguard critical habitats.
Other Conservation Laws
Policies such as Brazil’s Forest Code protect key ecosystems. Bilateral and multilateral agreements further coordinate conservation efforts across borders.
Despite these laws, enforcement challenges and ongoing habitat loss mean continued action is needed to ensure the jaguar’s long-term survival.