Several methods are used to control sea lamprey populations and reduce their impact on Great Lakes fisheries.
Chemical Control: TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) is applied to streams during the larval stage, killing lampreys with minimal harm to other aquatic life.
Barriers: Dams and electric barriers block adult lampreys from reaching upstream spawning grounds.
Sterile-Male Technique: Sterile males are released to compete with wild males, resulting in unfertilized eggs and reduced reproduction.
Trapping: Traps capture adult lampreys during spawning migrations.
Habitat Modification: Altering streambeds or water flow can make habitats less suitable for spawning.
Integrated Pest Management: Combining chemical treatments, barriers, trapping, and habitat changes offers a comprehensive solution.
Natural Predators: Species such as lake trout may prey on lampreys at various life stages.