Habitat loss: Deforestation for logging and agriculture fragments and destroys their forest habitat.
Hunting and poaching: They are hunted for meat, fur, and antlers used in traditional medicine, and poached for the illegal wildlife trade.
Invasive species: Feral cats, dogs, and mongooses prey on mouse deer and compete for resources.
Disease: Diseases such as foot and mouth disease and tuberculosis can spread from livestock and cause mass mortalities.
Climate change: Shifting temperatures, precipitation, and vegetation could further threaten their habitat and food supply.
Conservation efforts are needed to protect habitat, reduce hunting, manage invasive species, and combat disease.