Swan beak is a congenital anomaly affecting the shape of the upper jaw (maxilla). In this condition, the upper jaw is underdeveloped, creating a beaked appearance. In severe cases, the upper jaw may be completely absent.
The exact cause is not fully understood but is thought to involve genetic factors and abnormal fetal development. It is associated with several genetic disorders, including Down syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, and Treacher Collins syndrome.
Swan beak can cause difficulty eating, breathing, and speaking, as well as malocclusion and facial deformity. Treatment may involve surgery to correct the shape of the upper jaw and improve function.