Pennsylvania's geography is diverse, encompassing several distinct natural regions. While often described in terms of biomes, these areas are better understood as ecoregions and physiographic provinces, each with its own characteristic terrain, vegetation, and land use.
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Much of the state is covered by temperate deciduous forest, dominated by hardwoods such as oak, maple, hickory, and cherry. The understory supports a rich variety of shrubs, wildflowers, and ferns.
Appalachian Plateau
Located in north-central Pennsylvania, this region features rolling hills, deep valleys, and a patchwork of forests, meadows, and agricultural land.
Allegheny Mountains
Running through the center of the state, the Allegheny Mountains are marked by steep slopes, dense forests, and scenic overlooks.
Ridge and Valley
In south-central Pennsylvania, the Ridge and Valley region consists of long, narrow valleys separated by steep ridges. Valleys are often used for agriculture, while ridges remain forested.
Pocono Plateau
The northeastern Pocono Plateau combines forests, lakes, and wetlands in a landscape popular for recreation and conservation.
Atlantic Coastal Plain
A narrow strip along the southeastern edge, the Atlantic Coastal Plain has low-lying terrain, sandy soils, and a distinct variety of plant and animal life.